|
|
|
||||||||
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was unprecedented, but now the precedent is there. One of
the horrible lessons of the Holocaust is that it can happen again, it happened
to a certain extent in Rwanda, East Timor and in Kosovo. The only way for
us to relay the horrors of what happened, its significance and
to keep this from ever happening again is through "honest" and
universal education.
When you study the Holocaust, you are studying the highest level of organized
hate in the history of mankind. Studying the rise of the Nazis, their
extermination of the Jew's, the Roma's, the Jehovah's Witnesses and other
"undesirables" is an exploration into how ordinary people can be led
into committing the ultimate horror - genocide.
"The Nazis victimized some people for what they did, some for what they
refused to do, some for what they were, and some for the fact that they
were."
John Conway
I always recommend looking through all Holocaust material with one of
your parents, as some of the material can get quite graphic. They will be
able to help you with any questions you have and you can discuss anything
that might make you feel uncomfortable.
How to do Research using the Navigation Aids: |
| 1. By clicking on the Hotlinks, you will be taken directly to the exact location where the Topic is located on the page. |
| 2. When you click on a site located under a topic, another browser window will open automatically for you on top of this page. With your mouse, pull that window down below the Topic you are researching. Every time you now click on a site, the material will appear in this window. This will allow you to quickly and easily read the material and go through each site listed without losing this page. |
| 3. Remember to cite the "web sites and their authors" given below as your information "sources" in your paper or presentation for citation/bibliographic purposes. |
If the information you need is not currently available, please email and ask for it, as I have many, many additional sites not yet added.
(Please note that all sites that originate in Yugoslavia are not currently available due to censure by the government.)
General Resources
Holocaust: Cybrary of the
Holocaust
Nizkor: a Response to Holocaust
Denial
Simon
Wiesenthal Center - Museum of Tolerance - Multimedia Learning Center
Online
Fortunoff
Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies
Holocaust
Understanding and Prevention by Alexander Kimel
World
War II
Holocaust Education
Resources for Teachers
The
Forgotten Camps
Tolerance
4 Kids Website: Geared for Elementary School Ages 8 and Up
ThinkQuest - The
Holocaust: A Tragic Legacy
Holocaust
Sites
BJ
Swartz's Holocaust Resources
WW2 Holocaust
links
Holocaust
Links
On-line
Holocaust Resources
The History
Place
An Illustrated
History of the Holocaust
Jewish
Immigration/Vilna Shul Timeline
History
of the Jews in Poland
Genocide Web Sites:
The Threat Continues
Fortunoff
Video Archive for Holocaust Testimony
Dickerson
Holocaust home page
Snorri G. Bergsson's
homepage
Museums and Memorials
Yad Vashem
Online
Simon
Wiesenthal Center - Museum of Tolerance - Multimedia Learning Center
Online
United States Holocaust Memorial
Museum
Holocaust Memorial Center:
Illuminating
Holocaust
Memorial Center Online Exhibits
C.A.N.D.L.E.S. Home
Page
El Paso Holocaust
Museum and Study Center
The Mechelen
Museum of Deportation and the Resistance
Molly Brown House
Museum
Tampa Bay
Holocaust Memorial Museum
The
Holocaust Studies Center & Museum Virtual Tour
Ghetto Fighters House:
Museum of the Holocaust and Resistance
The Jewish
Virtual Library - The Holocaust
Summaries
A HISTORICAL
SUMMARY
Short
Summary of Holocaust
Medical
Experiments of the Holocaust and Nazi
Holocaust
Understanding and Prevention
The
Holocaust:Genocide - Modern Parallels
Summary
of the Camps
The Forgotten
Camps
The
Camps
Translation Sites
(If you need a translation to English)
AltaVista:
Translations(entire pages or phrases)
FreeTranslation.com
- Translations(entire pages or phrases)
Free
Online Translation(entire pages or phrases)
Free Mezzofanti
Translations(entire pages or phrases)
Eurodicautom
WWW Interface(words or phrases only)
Dictionaries of Foreign
Languages
Cause, Effect & After
Blueprint
for the Holocaust by Prof. Robert Michael
What
Makes the Holocaust Unique?
Post-Holocaust
The
Holocaust:Genocide - Modern Parallels
Holocaust
Understanding and Prevention
Background,
Tragedy & Aftermath
London
Agreement August 8, 1945: War Criminals will be brought to Justice
War Crimes Tribunal:
The Nazis and Nuremberg
Holocaust
Assets - US Special Report
Families
After Holocaust Project
Terms and Glossaries
Hollocaust
Glossary
Holocaust
Terms
German
and Nazi Terminology
The Holocaust:
A Glossary of Terms
Desperate Men - Judenrat &
Kapos
(Desperate measures for desperate Times?)
The Judenrat: Victim's
Self Destruction
Judenrat
Definition
Shattered Identity
- Kapos, Judenrat,etc.
Mordechai
Chaim Rumkowski's Give Me Your Children Speech - Lodz Ghetto
Book for this topic
Judenrat
: The Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe Under Nazi Occupation
Allied Knowledge of the
Holocaust
Reports about large-scale Nazi massacres of European Jews reached the West
in late 1941.
America
and the Holocaust
U.S.
Policy During WWII
When
the Rabbis Marched on Washington, 1943
Immigration
to the United States Table (19361945)
Simon
Wiesenthal Center: Immigration to the Free World
Immigration
Policies of Countries
America
and The Holocaust Chronology
Assistant
Secretary of State Breckinridge Long Memo: Effective ways to Obstruct the
Granting of U.S. Visas
U.S. IMMIGRATION:
Closing the door
The
Arts & Media History: Did FDR Do Enough? Some believe the U.S. failed
to save Jews during the Holocaust
Visa
Application of U.S. State Department, Visa Division, January 1943, 4 pages
long!
Barring
U.S. Doors To Aliens/Refugees - The Documents and Memos
News
of Extermination Reaches the US - Documents and Memos
President
Roosevelt's Apparent Reluctance To Help Europe's Jews - Documents and
Memos
Bombing
Railways And Auschwitz - Documents and Memos
Decisions
Taken at the Evian Conference On Jewish Refugees (July 14, 1938)
World Immigration Policies
John
Pehle on: Establishing the War Refugee Board
The
"Bergson Boys"
Will
Rogers Jr. on: The State Department of 1943 - 1944
Jan
Karski on: U.S. Knowledge of German Atrocities
Could
The Allies Have Bombed Auschwitz-Birkenau?
Anti-Semetism
in the US Army: Rabbi Gittelsohn's Iwo Jima Sermon
How
the U.S. helped Hitler and the Nazis
Companies
Affiliated With Concentration Camps
List
of the Major Companies Involved in the Concentration Camps
A Abandoment
of the Jews by A.Kimel
The American
Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Inc. History of the JDC
American
Responses to the Holocaust
History on public
TV: FDR and the Holocaust
Maps
of Population and Atrocities Committed... While the Allies did
nothing
What
the Allies Knew by John Keegan
PBS:
The American Experience | America and the Holocaust
American
Jewish Labor and the Holocaust
Books to explore:
The Abandonment of the Jews by David Wyman
Auschwitz and the Allies by Martin Gilbert
The Jews Were Expendable by Monty Penkower
No Haven for the Oppressed by Saul Friedman
Paper Walls by David Wyman
The Politics of Rescue by Henry Feingold
Bearing Witness by Henry Feingold
Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945 by Robert
Dallek
FDR and the Holocaust (The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute Series
on Diplomatic and Economic History) by Verne W. Newton
The Kindertransports
In 1938-39, nearly 10,000 mostly Jewish children from Germany and Austria
were sent to Britain for sanctuary. The parents willingly sent their kids,
between ages 2 and 18, out of the country for safe keeping. The initial
thought was that they could wait out the Nazi 's and then when it was safe,
return to their parents and homes. Some of these kids who had never
as much as crossed the street alone were placed on trains to take them to
England with nothing more than a bag and a name tag. Those courageous
parents who had the strength to send their children off to an unknown fate
soon boarded transports taking them to concentration camps to perish. Most
of the children never saw their families again, close to 80% of the children
became war orphans.
One Thousand
Children
The
Kindertransports
Children
transported from parents and Nazis remember
Train
Children of the Holocaust
Night
of the Broken Glass and the Kindertransport
Famous
Adoptees: Profiles: A-K, scroll to K
Kindertransport'
director explores assimilation issue
Ruth
Morley's Story
My Knees were
Jumping - film on Kindertransport
Kindertransport
Association of North America (KTA)
Kindertransport
FAQs
Kindertransport
Memoirs
Federation of Jewish
Child Survivors of the Holocaust
The Stories of Children
Survivors
Children
and the Holocaust
From
Exile to Excellence: Nobel prize laureate Walter Kohn
Children
of the Kindertransport Grow up: Short Biographies
Books for this Section:
Ten Thousand Children by Anne L. Fox & Eva Abraham-Podietz
Unfulfilled Promise: Rescue & Resettlement of Jewish Refugee Children
in the United States 1934-1945 by Judith Tydor Baumel
Kindertransport by Olga Levy Drucker
We Came as Children: A Collective Autobiography, edited by Karen Gershon
Solomon Schonfeld: His Page in History, edited by David Kranzler and Gertrude
Hirschler
I Came Alone: The Stories of the Kindertransports, edited by Bertha Leverton
and Shmuel Lowensohn
The Uprooted: A Hitler Legacy: Voices of those who Escaped before the Final
Solution by Dorit Bader Whiteman
A Transported Life: Memories of Kindertransport: The Oral History of Thea
Feliks Eden
Pearls of Childhood : The Poignant True Wartime Story of a Young Girl Growing
Up in an Adopted Land by Vera Gissing
Deportation Trains
PAOLO
TOLDO, Militars and Civilians deported in the Nazist Germany
The
role of the Marechaussee or the Constables during WW II
The
story of a deportation train
The SS St. Louis Tragedy - May 13, 1939
United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum (USHMM): The Voyage of the SS St. Louis Index
The
Tragedy of the S.S. St. Louis
Voyage
of the Dammed
On the SS St.
Louis - A Survivor
The S.S. St.
Louis after 60 Years
St.
Louis: The Other Ship
Friends
of The St. Louis
The
Tragedy of the S.S. St. Louis Part 1
SS St.
Louis: The Story of Oskar Blechner's Family
Simon
Weisenthal: SS St. Louis
The
History Place Time Holocaust Line: St. Louis
Laura
Margolis: Rescuer of Jews
Jewish
Survivors of SS St. Louis Return to Canada for Apology by Christian
Church
Immigration
Policies of Countries
LCHR | Protecting
Asylum Seekers | Never Another St. Louis
U.S. IMMIGRATION:
Closing the Door - Immigration attitudes then and now
Visuals:
The
Voyage of the SS St. Louis Map
USHMM:
Map of the Route of the SS St. Louis
USHMM: SS.
St. Louis - Visual of the Photo Album
USHMM: Captain
of the SS. St. Louis
USHMM: Refugees
aboard wait to hear whether Cuba will grant them entry...
USHMM: The
Ship in Havanna
USHMM: Two
women looking at possible freedom in Havanna
USHMM: In
Belgium after the forced return to Europe from Cuba
Simon
Wiesenthal Center - Documents
Simon
Wiesenthal Center - Photos
Book Resource:
Voyage of the Damned by Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan Witts c. 1974, Stein
and Day (New York)
Another Ship: The Struma
February 24, 1943 The ship 'Struma' sailed from Romania to Palestine with
769 Romanian Jews on board. The British refused them entry into Palestine
(a mistake they were to regret), so the ship then sailed to Turkey who likewise
refused them to disembark. At sea for 74 days, hopelessly overcrowded and
with no country willing to accept them, the 'Struma' was sunk by a torpedo
from a Russian submarine just a few miles from Istanbul. *All onboard perished
except sole survivor, David Stolier.
Citations: Duncan, George R., "Maritime Disasters of the Second World
War ", [http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/maritime.html].
*"The Scribe - Journal of Babylonian Jewry"., "The Struma".,
[http://www.dangoor.com/73page120.html].
Simon
Wiesenthal Center: Struma - Photos, Maps and Text
The Struma:
The Lone Survivor - David Stolier
Struma
Ship - The Tragedy
The
Struman Tragedy - 50th anniversary
The
Sinking of the Struma
The Struma
Story
Maritime
Disasters of the Second World War
Struma:
A Romanian Tragedy
Tuvia
Carmely: summarises the Struma Tragedy - 50 years after
The Struma Project - finding
the Struma
Greg
Mossgfelt - In Search of The Struma
Struma:
The Boat That Never Made It
The
Struma Story
Book Resource:
The Struma incident : a novel of the holocaust by Michel Solomon
Statistics
Holocaust
Losses by Country
Official
Estimation of the number of Jews Killed in the Holocaust
Compiling
Estimates of the Numbers Exterminated
Timelines
1918-38
Page
Time
Line: 1918 - 1946
Yad
Vashem: Annotated Chronology of the Holocaust 1933-1939
A
Chronology: Holocaust: 1933-1945
1942
Page
1943
Page
1944
Page
1945
Page
March
12, 1933 - First Concentration Camp
June
1933 - Nazis open Dachau
The
History Place - Holocaust Timeline
History
Timelines on the Web
Hitler
begins the Anschluss
Nazis
Liquidate Lidice
Chronology
of the Liberation Paris
Holocaust
Timeline
Time Line (3000
BC - 2051)
Time
Line: 1918 - 1946
Kristallnacht: Night of Broken
Glass
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Perspective
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht:
first major attack on the Jewish population
Holocaust
Timeline: The Nazification of Germany
Maps of the Camps
Map of
the camps
Map
of Numbers killed
Maps
of the Jewish Population
Maps
of Population and Atrocities Committed... While the Allies did
nothing
Maps2
Misc
Abe's Story Interactive:
Follow Abe's Journey
Sobibor
& its layout
Chelmno
Extremination Camp
Tour of Majdanek
- A Killing Center
Liberation
of Dachau
Operation
Reinhard - Sobibor
Killing
Gross-Rosen
Concentration Camp
Theresienstadt
- The Model Ghetto
Auschwitz
WW2 Concetration
Camp
Mittelbau
Dora Concentration Camp
The
Forgotten Camps
The
List of Camps
Hyperlinked
Index
Major
Concentration Camps
Hanukkah In The
Concentration Camp
Kristallnacht
Map
Map
of camps & info
Nazi
Concentration Camps
Camps
inside Yugoslavia
Hyperlinked Index (you will
find camp layouts under their names)
Maps
of the Holocaust: Resistance, Camps, Victims, Persecution
Wall Tiles: Escape
and Evasion Maps
Eisantzgruppen:
Map of Gas Van Operations
List
of part of the Nazist Camps in Germany and in the Occupied
Territories
Partition
of Poland 1939
Daily Life in the Camps
Just
a Normal Day in the Camps
The
Language of the Camps
The Buchenwald
Series: Watercolors by the Jehovah's Witness Johannes Steyer
The
Holocaust: A Tragic Legacy - Eyewitness Accounts
Book or Film Resources
Night by Elie Wiesel
Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi
We Were in Auschwitz by Janusz Nel Siedlecki, Krystyn Olszewski, Tadeusz
Borowski
The Hiding Place by Corrie Ten Boom
Steal A Pencil For Me: Love Letters from Camp Bergen-Belsen and Westerbork
By Jaap (Jack) Polak and Ina Soep Polak
Tomorrow Will Be Better: Surviving Nazi Germany by Walter Meyer, Matt
Valentine
Concentration Camps by Name
Auschwitz - Birkenau | Buchenwald
| Bergen - Belsen | Belzec |
Flossenburg | Dachau |
Drancy, France | Majdanek |
Neuengamme | Gospic |
Gunskirchen Lager |
Hardt,Gross-Rosen | Mauthausen and
Gusen Camps 1 - 3 | Mittelbau Dora |
Ravensbrück | The Reinhold
Killing Centers | Sachsenhausen |
Sobibor | SubCamps and Small Concentration
Camps | Terezin | Treblinka
| Westerbork
|
Auschwitz - Birkenau
On October 7, 1944, one of the four crematoria at Auschwitz was blown up
by Sonderkommandos. These were workers, mostly Jews, whose job it was to
clear away the bodies of gas chamber victims. The workers were all caught
and killed.
Auschwitz
intro
Holocaust:
Auschwitz-Birkenau
State
Museum and Memorial of Auschwitz-Birkenau in Oswiecim
Virtual
Auschwitz-Birkenau
An Auschwitz
Alphabet
Family
names of person's transported to the Camp
Auschwitz: A Journey
of Healing '99
EyeWitness
Auschwitz
Overview
of Krema IV in Auschwitz
Translation
of USSR-8, Soviet War Crimes Repo...
Holocaust
Deathcamp: Auschwitz-Birkenau
Concentration
Camp Uniform from Auschwitz-Birkenau
HOLOCAUST
FAQ: Auschwitz-Birkenau: Layman's G...
Birkenau
Photos
Auschwitz/Birkenau
- Photographs by Alan Jacobs
A Virtual
Tour of Auschwitz: On Every Day Since...A Christian at Auschwitz
Auschwitz
Gypsies
in Auschwitz
Gypsies
in Auschwitz Part 2
Survivor
of Auschwitz - Pete
Online Book
- The Dentist of Auschwitz: A Memoir
Benjamin Jacobs Author
of The Dentist of Auschwitz: a Memoir Homepage
Selections
The Auschwitz
Death March, Late January-March 1945
Documents
Regarding Auschwitz
Family
Camp Theresienstadt @ Auschwitz
IG Farben - Auschwitz
I.G.Farben built its own camp next to the main Auschwitz Camp. Called I.G.Farben,
Auschwitz, it was built to produce synthetic rubber. At least 50,000 prisoners
died during its construction from starvation and exposure to the cold. In
its foundations lie the bodies of many prisoners who were buried where they
fell, in the cement.
I.G.
Farben's Auschwitz Diet
Liberation of Auschwitz
Destruction
of Crematories at Auschwitz
Auschwitz
Extermination Camp Liberated
Westerbork or Durchgangslager - Transit Camp
Westerbork
Westerbork:
portal of Auschwitz
The
Deportation Transports from Westerbork to Auschwitz and Sobibor
Ground
plan for Durchgangslager Westerbork
Map
of Westerbork Transit Camp
Westerbork
Photographs
Kamp
Westerbork
Westerbork:
History of
Map
of the Netherlands locating camps Westerbork and Vught
Dachau
Dachau Camp
Dachau:
Camps of Death
Dachau
June
1933 - Nazis open Dachau
April
29, 1945 - U.S. 7th Army liberates
Dachau,
The Virtual Tour
Dachau
Concentration Camp Memorial Site - The Official Pages
Text
of Museum booklet about Dachau Concentration Camp
June
1933 - Nazis open Dachau
Priests of Dachau chart
Entrance
to Brausebad at Dachau Concentration Camp
Dachau
Gas Chamber as described in Nuremberg Trial
Dachau
Nazi Concentration Camp Poet
Z.B.Dachau
- Study-group for investigating contemporary history of Dachau
Medical
Experiments at Dachau - Nuremberg War Crimes Trial transcripts and
Photos
Dachau Liberation
Prior to entering the camp, the troops had come upon a train of fifty cattle
trucks parked just outside the camp. The train had come from Auschwitz in
Poland after a journey of thirty days. The trucks were filled with the corpses
of 2,310 Hungarian and Polish Jews who had died from hunger and thirst. Enraged,
the Americans rounded up most of the SS guard compliment of 358 men and shot
122 of them.
The
Liberation of Dachau
The
Kindest Words: "You are Free"
Albert R.
Panebianco's Webpage
Liberation
of Dachau
Ilan's Topicals
- World War II Stamps
Dachau:
Liberation of Dachau
Soldier's Memory of liberating Dachau:
LIBERATION
OF DACHAU - by Albert R. Panebianco
1st. Lt.
William Cowling: Report from the Dachau Liberation
Liberators:
Dachau Liberation by Chuck Ferree
Visuals:
Gallery
- Dachau Concentration Camp - Photos Charts, symbols and death
marches
Aerial
view of liberation of Dachau Concentration Camp
Death
Camp Photographs - The Holocaust
German
SS Guards at Dachau executed on liberation day
Books on Dachau
Books
about Dachau Books about the Dachau
Buchenwald
Buchenwald
camp
Buchenwald
Open Railroad
Car to Buchenwald, March 1945
April
12, 1945 - Allies Liberate
Liberation of
Buchenwald, April 11, 1945, 3:15 p.m.
Buchenwald
Camp
Buchenwald
Concentration Camp (Germany)
Rescuer inside Buchenwald: Antonnin Kalina
Antonin Kalina (with Jindrich Flusser)
Photos
ANTONIN KALINA
Bergen - Belsen
Bergen-Belsen
camp
Camps
inside Yugoslavia
Bergen Belsen
Memorial
Living conditions:
Excerpts
from The Belsen Trial (2/5) - Testimony concerning Water and Food
Excerpts
from The Belsen Trial -Testimony of Josef Kramer
Seder
Night In Bergen Belsen
Poem:
Bergen-Belsen
1945, A Short Poem from one by a liberation soldiers:
Films/Images:
Shofar
FTP Archive Directory: camps/bergen-belsen/images
Books about Bergen Belsen:
Holocaust
Memorial Center: America's First. Illuminating the Past, Enlightening the
Future
Chelmno
Chelmno
Map
First
Death Camp with Gas: Maps, Photos and Text
The
Testimonies of the Last Prisoners in the Death Camp Chelmno
Chelmo
Chelmno
Extermination Camp
Nizkor:
Chelmo
The
Forgotten Camps: Chelmno (Kulmhof - Poland)
Nizkor:
Eichmann ...and the Jews inside would be poisoned
Changed
Forever
Flossenburg
Flossenbürg Overview
Flossenbürg:
93 sub-camps and external kommandos
Drawings
of Fernand "Horn" Van Horen, Survivor
How
a drawing saved my life by Fernand Van Horen, artist name - Horn
Flossenbürg
KZ-Gedenkstätte
Flossenbürg - in German. Use a translation site
Flossenbürg
Proof Set
The
Flossenbürg Photo Collection
Liberation
Story: A Personal Memory of Flossenburg
Liberation
Photos of Victor Wegard
Drancy, France
Drancy
Concentation Camp (France)
Majdanek
Built adjacent to the city of Lublin, Poland.Operation Harvest Festival or
"erntefest" , run by the SS, was the code name for Hitler's plan to execute
all remaining Jews in occupied Poland. More than 42,000 people, mostly Jews,
were killed in the operation in the month of November 1943 at the Majdanek
concentration camp, 18,000 prisoners were murdered in a single day.
Majdanek
Majdanek
Concentration Camp
Majdanek
Concentration Camp Liberated
MAJDANEK
Photos
MAJDANEK
- The Camp
Majdanek
Extermination Camp (Poland)
Majdanek
Report
Neuengamme
Neuengamme
Concentration Camp (Germany)
Zyklon
B Poison Gas & Neuengamme
Concentration
Camp Memorial Neuengamme
Esterwegen
Concentration Camp - subcamp of Neuengame
SubCamps and Small Concentration
Camps
Vught
Concentration Camp
Polizeiliches
Durchgangslager - Concentration Camp Vught
Map
of the Netherlands locating camps Westerbork and Vught
Mittelbau Dora
Mittelbau
Dora
Mittelbau
Dora Concentration Camp
Gospic, Yugoslavia
Gospic-
Concentration Camps
Hardt,Gross-Rosen
Cattle Cars
to Camps Hardt, Gross-rosen, and Auschwitz
Gunskirchen Lager
The
71st Infantry at Gunskirchen Lager
Mauthausen and Gusen Camps 1 - 3
Camps 1 - 3
General Information
Mauthausen-GUSEN Scope
of Info-Page
Mauthausen-GUSEN
Index of all
Bergkristall
English
KZ
Mauthausen-GUSEN Brief Histroy
Mauthausen
KZ Mauthausen
Central Camp
KZ Gusen
III Concentration Camp at Lungitz
Mauthausen-Gusen
I
Mauthausen-Gusen
II
Photographs
Cruelties & Segregatiion
The
Jewish Prisoners of KZ Gusen II
Medical
Experiments at KZ...
Gazations
at KZ Gusen
Cruelties
at KZ Gusen Camps
Jewish
Prisoners of KZ Gusen
Mauthausen
- The Rock Quarry
People who tried to help
Outstanding
Personalities
Louis
Haefliger & Al Kosiek
Father
Jacques
Dr.
Johannes (Papa) Gruber
Marcel
Callo
Art & Artists
Arts and
KZ Gusen
Contemporary
Drawings/Pai...
Archeology
in KZ Gusen
Memorial & Liberation
Memorial
KZ Gusen
Liberation
by Al Kosiek
The Reinhold Killing Centers
(The average life span of people sent to the Killing Centers varied from
two weeks to two months. Mauthausen-Gusen's quarry's contributed to
this dismal average)
The
Aktion Reinhard Death Camps
Reinhard:
Selection
Reinhard:
Financial Accounting
Reinhard:
Gas Chambers
Killing
Centers
Compiling
Estimates of the Numbers ...
Operation Reinhard:
Index of the
Vernichtungslager
Kulmhof(1 of killing centers of Operation Reinhard)
Deportations
Wannsee
Protocol, January 20, 1942
Yad
Vashem
Ravensbrück
Ravensbrück
Concentration Camp Memorial
WOMEN'S
CONCENTRATION CAMP RAVENSBRÜCK
Polish
women after their rescue from Ravensbruck
History:
Women in Lager Ravensbruck
Barbara
Makuch Rescuer Story, Part 4
Types
of Religious Lives - Ravensbruck
Ravensbrück
Concentration Camp(Germany)
Ravensbrueck
Concentration Camp Photo
Photos from the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp - many pictures!
Sachsenhausen
CAMP Sachsenhausen
CAMP
Sachsenhausen - survivor account
Sachsenhausen
Sachsenhausen
- Oranienburg
Sachsenhausen
Trial - excerpt
Sachsenhausen
Concentration Camp Photo
Sobibor
Jewish and Russian prisoners mounted an escape attempt on October 14, 1943.
About 60 of 600 prisoners involved in the escape survived to join Soviet
partisans. Ten S.S. guards were killed and one was wounded. The escape
from Sorbibor was very embarrassing to the nazi's. It had never happened
before and it was a real shock to them that people were able to escape.
Sobibor
map of camp with explanations of layout!
Deportations
to Sobibor - Operation Reinhard
Sobibor
Survivors
Reinhard:
The Sobibor Wachman
"Franz
Stangl, the commander of Sobibor and Treblinka
Reinhard:
Sobibor
Escape
from Sobibor
Hell
of Sobibor
Mr.
Showbiz Movie Guide: Escape From Sobibor
SS
Testimony
Belzec
SS Unterscharfuhrer
Schluch testified:Belzec
Belzec
Belzec-the
worst death camp by Alexander Kimel
Terezin
Terezin
Concentration Camp
Project
Judaica Terezin
Music
in Terezín: Recommended Recordings
Treblinka
Jewish inmates revolt in the Treblinka (extermination camp) in August of1943.
Out of the 750 prisoners who tried to escape in the uprising, only seventy
survived. The rest were hunted down in the forests by the Nazis and their
helpers and are summarily executed. Only 12 survived the war.
Nikolai
Malagon - Treblinka guard
Nizkor
- Treblinka
Treblinka
Extermination Camp (Poland)
Experiences
of a Treblinka inmate
Holocaust
Project - Third Prize Winner - Treb...
Testimonies
of Treblinka SS-Men
Treblinka
Camp
Testimonies
of Treblinka SS-Men
Holocaust:
Excerpts from German Court Judgements:Treblinka Trials
Concentration Camps, Death Camps:
Auschwitz, Birkenau, Belzec, Treblinka, Sobib
"Franz
Stangl, the commander of Sobibor and Treblinka
Wiesenthal
- Treblinka
Treblinka:
A Model of the camp
Peace
Matters - preservation order: Medem Sanatorium
Nazi POW Camps - more coming
Nazi
POW Camps -Table
Liberations of the Camps
The
Liberators
Destruction
of Crematories at Auschwitz
Auschwitz
Extermination Camp Liberated
The
Liberation of Dachau
"The
Liberation of Dachau" by Chuck Ferree
Dachau
Liberated
Liberation
of a Subcamp of Mauthausen
Majdanek
Concentration Camp Liberated
Liberation of
Buchenwald, April 11, 1945, 3:15 p.m.
The
Liberation of Buchenwald
Buchenwald
Liberated
The
Liberation of Ohrdruf
The
Liberation of Dachau
Liberation
of Dachau
Ilan's Topicals
- World War II Stamps
Dachau:
LIBERATION OF DACHAU
Liberator's Stories and
Impressions
Eisenhower
Tours Concentration Camp
Dwight
D. Eisenhower on the Camps
Mauthausen
Liberation by Al Kosiek
Albert R.
Panebianco's Webpage
The
Kindest Words: "You are Free"
Liberation
Images
Einsatzgruppen
The
Einsatzgruppen -- Mobile Killing Units
Einsatzgruppen
Table of Contents
The
"Jager" Report - Commander of a Soviet Union "Einsatzgruppen" Unit
Map
of Eastern Europe Einsatzgruppen Massacres
Introduction
to the Einsatzgruppen
The
Einsaztgruppen Index
The
Route Taken by the Einsatzgruppen (Groups A - D)
The SS Einsatzgruppen
Tasks
of the Eisengruppen
Electric
Zen: An Einsatzgruppen Electronic Resource
Eyewitness
Account of Einsatz Executions
Hamburg
Police Battalions during the Second World War
The Massacres
Babi Yar Massacre | Latvia: Massacre
in the Forest | The Village that was... Lidice
| Nicolaiev Massacre |
Babi Yar Massacre
A picturesque ravine near the city of Kiev. There, on September 29, the SS
herded the entire Jewish population of Kiev and the surrounding area, into
the ravine and systematically began to slaughter the entire 33,771 souls.
In 1976, there was finally erected The monument to the Soviet Citizens,
war captives, soldiers and officers of the Soviet Army shot down by the German
fascists at Babi Yar as it entitled. The original bronze plate contains no
mention of the Jews. On October 29, 1991, a memorial sign, a bronze Menorah,
was finally added to commemorate the Jewish victims.
Babi
Yar: Killing Ravine of Kiev Jewry
Soviet
POWs Exhume Bodies at Babi Yar
Witnesses
and Testimony about Babi Yar
Babi
Yar: Mass-murder of Kiev Jews
Latvia: Massacre in the Forest
The
Mass Shootings Outside Riga in the Rumbuli Forest
The
Holocaust in Latvia 1941-1944
Latvia
Latvia
- Brief History
The Village that was... Lidice
The
Liquidation of Lidice
Simon
Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center Online - 04499 -
LIDICE.FS
Central
Europe Online - Travel - Feature - The Tragedy of Lidice
Lidice
Children's Memorial
The New
Presence - Lidice
Memorial of Children`s
War Victims
Lidice,
an Encarta Encyclopedia Article Titled "Lidice"
World
War II in Ukraine: Kortelisy (Ukraine), Lidice (Czechoslovakia)
The Second
World War and Jewish monuments near Prague
Sites you will need to use a translating site with: From German to
English
Tschechisch-deutscher
Zukunftsfond: Memento in Lidice
LIDICE
/ ORADOUR / LACHOWICE / LIDA / OSTROWIEC ...
Books or Movies for this section:
Lidice
- by Eleanor Wheeler
The
Legacy of Lidice..
In the Shadow of Memory,
a Legacy of Lidice - one hour documentary
Lidice: sacrificial village, by J. F. N. Bradley - out of print, will need
to look for
Nicolaiev Massacre
In the period, 16th to 30th September, in the area around Nicolaiev, and
including the town of Cherson, they rounded up and massacred 35,782 Soviet
citizens, mostly Jews. This was the figure reported to Hitler from the SD
office, dated October 2, 1942.
Occupied Countries - Jewish
Treatment
Hamburg
Police Battalions during the Second World War
A
Forgotten Chapter: Holland Under the Third Reich
Jews
and Iceland, until 1940
Discussion
of Danish Rescue and King Christian's Moral Leadership
Danish rescuer
of Jews tells story of simple humanity (10-20-1995)
Converson of Jews in Hungary
History of the
Jews in Hungary
Gendarmes,
Policemen, Functionaries and the Jews: Behavior of Hungarian Authorities
During the Holocaust by Judit Molnar (in PDF)
Salvation
of Bulgarian Jewry During WW II
Jews Murdered
by Country in Europe
Concentration
Camps Operated by German Collaborators
Nazi's
kidnap Polish children - Hay Action
The
Dutch Underground Press During World War II
"Their
hair is to be put to use..."
The Nazi Occupation
of Poland
Polish Jews
in WW II
Conditions
for Polish Jews During WWII
Yedwabne(Jedwabne),
Poland
Thou
Shalt Not Kill Poles on Jedwabne Massacre
Voices
on the Jedwabne tragedy
Poland:
Local Villagers Blamable For Wartime Jedwabne Pogrom
Jedwabne
massacre '41 | Vicious Circle of Group Responsibility
Jedwabne
- History
Statement
by Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek concerning Jedwabne in Warsaw, March 6,
2001
History of Jews
in Poland
Nazis
Roundup Dutch Jews
France
Resists Hitler
Polizeiliches
Durchgangslager - Concentration Camp Amersfoort
Holland
at War
Amersfoort
Police Camp in Holland
Jewish
Situation under the German Occupation of The Netherlands
Nazi
directives aimed at segregating the Dutch Jews
Ommen,
1941-1945. A penal camp in the Netherlands
Some
of the major Nazi concentration camps in the Netherlands
Netherlands Slave
Laborers - WWII - Prison camps
The
Judenrat for ghetto Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II
Schloß
Hartheim 1940 - 1944: Mass Murder in the Castle, Austria
The German
Conquest of Denmark and Norway
Türkey
Greek
Jews went from hiding place to hiding place
Lost
Jewish Worlds
Beyond
the Pale: The Fate of Soviet Jewry
Trapped in Darkeness: The
Soviet Union and the Holocaust
Book Resources:
The Fragility of Goodness: Why Bulgaria's Jews Survived the Holocaust, by
Tzvetan Todorov and translated from the French by Arthur Denner
Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland by
Jan T. Gross
Women in the Holocaust
Women and the
Holocaust
The
Impact of the Holocaust On Survivors and Their Children
Women in
the Forest
Women
Rescuers
Women's
Personal Narratives
Special
Tributes
Interpretive
Reflective Academic Essays
Daring to Resist:
Three Women Face the Holocaust
Ordinary People and the Holocaust
Sociologist
probes people's motives for supporting the Nazi party
Ordinary
Germans and the Holocaust by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen
The New Discourse
of Avoidance
Hitler's
Henchmen: Willing Followers in Genocide
From
the Supreme Teachings of Nazi Ideology to the Ramifications of Unprecedented
Betrayal
Collaborators
Hamburg
Police Battalions during the Second World War
Execution
by Germans and Ukrainian Collaborators
THE
HUNT FOR NAZI CONCENTRATIONCAMP DOCTOR CARL VAERNET
Other Information
Defense Technical Information Center
The
Avalon Project : The International Military
Tunnel
and Shelter Researching
Gypsies and Others Persecuted
Five
Million Forgotten: Non Jewish
Gypsies
in Auschwitz
Gypsies
and the Holocaust
Gypsies
in Auschwitz Part 2
Nazi Policy
toward Gypsies
Roma
& Persecution
Article
175 & the deviance laws
The
Patrin Web Journal - Gypsy History
History of Deaf
Holocaust Victims
Jehovah's Witnesses
There were 6,034 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany when Hitler assumed power
in 1933. Between 1933 and 1935 a total of 5,911 Witnesses were arrested as
enemies of the State. Over 2,000 were executed or died of ill treatment in
the concentration camps.
*Alone of all the groups targeted by the Nazis, the Jehovah's Witnesses were
victimized because of what they refused to do. They would not enlist in the
army, undertake air raid drills, stop meeting or proselytizing. They would
not utter the words "Heil Hitler." Their dissent was irksome, disciplined
and systematic.Jews had no choice. Jehovah's Witnesses did. As such, they
are martyrs in the traditional sense of the term - those prepared to suffer
and even to die for the choice of their faith."*
Jehovah's Witnesses and
Nazi Germany Index - excellent
Jehovah's
Witnesses Official Web Site: The Evils of Nazism Exposed
Jehovah's
Witnesses Chronology of Events 1933-1945
Unafraid
to Speak
Why
the Churches Kept Silent
One
Voice in the Midst of Silence
Jehovah's
Witnesses: Victims of the Nazi Era, 1933-1945
Persecution and Resistance
of Jehovah's: see the document they could sign to be released from the
concentration camps
Book Resources:
Persecution and Resistance
of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi Regime 1933-1945, a collection essays
by famous scholars.
* Quote above comes from this book
THE JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES AND THE NAZIS: PERSECUTION, DEPORTATION, AND MURDER,
1933-1945, by Michel Reynaud, Sylvie Graffard, translated from the French
by James A. Moorhouse, and with an introduction by Michael Berenbaum
Frequently Asked Questions
War
Crimes - definition
36
Questions About the Holocaust
Holocaust
FAQs Index - by name
S.C.J.
FAQ: Section 16 Index
Online Holocaust
Magazine -Can It Happen Again?
Background,
Tragedy, and Aftermath
Genocide Web Sites:
The Threat Continues
Deaths
caused by the Holocaust
The Threat Continues...
Genocide Web Sites
3
Steps to Genocide
Germany's
Laws against the Jews
A Background to Kristallnacht November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht
& Why the Name
nit
Index
Soviet
Killing Squads -Einsatzgruppe
Witnesses
to Einsatzgruppen Murders
Auschwitz
survivors describe the camp & daily Routine
Chronology
of Jewish Persecution 1932 - 1945
First They Came
for the Jews" by Pastor Niemoeller
History
of Antisemitism
Source
of Hatred: Anti-Semitism by Alexander Kimel - Holocaust Survivor
Second Generation Impact
Impact
of the Holocaust on Survivor's and their Families - WOW!!!
A Global
Perspective...
SECOND GENERATION
Los Angeles - Sons and Daughters of Jewish Holocaust Survivors
The 2G-Legacy
Mailing List
Delayed
Impact: The Holocaust and the Canadian Jewish Community by Franklin
Bialystok
Survivor Stories
Survivors of
the Holocaust
Charlotte
Guthmann Opfermann
Interview:
Charlotte Guthmann Opfermann
Fortunoff
Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies
Memories
of my Childhood in the Holocaust by Judith Jaegermann, née
Pinczovsky
Chaim
Blachman
Life Death Memories
by Thomas T. Hecht New book!
Lodz
Ghetto Survivor Stories
Yad Vashem -
Testimony of Shmuel Krakowski
Survivors
Louisiana
Holocaust Survivors
"Haunting
Memory" by R. A. Beecroft
Abe's Story Interactive
Map: Follow Abe's
Keep Yelling!
A Survivor's Testimony
Hannah Rosen
Diary Interview with Jan Karski
Jan
Karski
Ellen Nielsen
Story
Uri Aloni
Interview
Survivor
Warsaw Ghetto - Jack Spiegel
Warsaw
Ghetto
USHMM Web Site --
Table of Contents
Walter F.
Interview
Natan
Abbe
Excerpts
from Courage Under Siege
"Haunting
Memory" a Triptych by R. A. Beecroft
Nissim
Mordehay
Hanna
Blawat
Edzia
Abbe
Alinka
Seed
of Sarah: Memoirs of a Survivor
Witnesses
Molly Brown House
Museum
Simon
Wiesenthal Center - Children of the Holocaust
The Empty
Mirror
Living
Through the Götterdämmerung
Jerzy Kosinski
Interview
Wiesel
on taking sides
Number
of survivors today (July 1996)
Marek
Halter's Search for the 'Righteous'
Memories
of my childhood in the Holocaust
Survivor
of Auschwitz - Pete
Benjamin Jacobs
Fortunoff
Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies
The
Holocaust: A Tragic Legacy - Eyewitness Accounts
The
Holocaust: A Tragic Legacy - The Survivors - Audio or Text
Survivor Stories:
Audio, Text and Photographs
Holocaust
Survivor Stories and Photos
Voice Vision:
Holocaust Survivor Oral Histories
About.com's
List of Survivor Stories
A Boy's Life in Holland 1940 - 1945
The
War Begins
Tragedy
and Humor - part 2
Shortages
& Confiscations - part 3
Daily
Dangers - part 4
Labor
Conscription - part 5
End
of the War - part 6
Ghettos and Ghetto Uprisings
Ghettos were established in all major cities and towns. Jews from neighboring
villages were rounded up and transported to their "new" temporary homes.
General Information about Ghettos and Deportation
| Bialystok | Brest |
Grodno | Jasionowka |
Kobe | Kovno |
Krakow | Lodz |
Lublin | Lvov |
Lubaczow | Opole Lubelskie
| Plaszow | Siauliai |
Theresienstadt |
Tuchin | Vilna or Vilnius |
Warsaw |
General Information about Ghettos and
Deportation
The
Ghettoization of European Jews: Deportation and Resettlement in the
East
Deportation
and Resettlement
Songs of the
Ghettos
American Friends of the
Ghetto Fighters' House
Images
of the Ghettos
Ghetto
Partisans
CITIES
AND GHETTOS Resistance
The Mechelen
Museum of Deportation
Kobe, Japan
The
Jews of Kobe
The
Jews of Kobe2
Krakow
Photographs
of the Ghetto
Krakow
Ghetto Picture
Theresienstadt
Survivor
Interview: Charlotte Guthmann Opfermann
A
Prague Guide - Theresienstadt (Terezin)
Family
Camp Theresienstadt @ Auschwitz
Terezin
My
Years in Theresienstadt
In the
Camps
Theresienstadt
Exhibition
The Terezín Chamber
Music Foundation
The Women
of Theresienstadt (in MARION)
Holocaust Survivor
Oral Histories
Shofar
FTP Archive Directory: camps/theresienstadt - downloadable files
Bergen-Belsen
and Theresienstadt Lists
Lodz, Poland
The
Lodz Ghetto
Mordechai
Chaim Rumkowski's Give Me Your Children Speech
Lodz
Ghetto Survivor Stories
LODZ
GHETTO
Lodz
Ghetto Part 1
Lodz
Ghetto - Part Two
Natan
Abbe
Chaim
Blachman
Louisiana
Lodz Survivors
Dobroszycki/The
Chronicle of the Lodz Ghetto
Lenka
Nadolna
Court rules in
favor of Lodz Ghetto tailor
Lodz
Ghetto Trolleyman
Yitzhok
Brauner (1887-1944), Lodz Ghetto Painter
DAYS
OF NIGHTMARE: Lodz Ghettto
Newspaper
Published in the Lódz Ghetto
New
Arrivals in Lodz Ghetto
A
Relic: Coin of the Lodz Ghetto, dated 1943
Judenrat
Rumkowski on Deportation of the Lodz Ghetto
Chaim
Rumkowski; head of the Lodz ghetto Judenrat
Execution
in Lódz ghetto
Lodz
Ghetto Pictures
Siauliai, Lithuania
Government
Decree for Ghetto Prisoners
Kovno, Lithuania
Kovno Ghetto
Menu
Hidden History of the
Kovno Ghetto,Lithuania
Index of
Kovno Ghetto Images
History
of the Kovno Ghetto
Surviving the
Kovno Ghetto and Eternalizing its Message
Government
Decree for Ghetto Prisoners
Kovno
Ghetto Images
Kovno
Simcha
Frumkin: Kovno Survivor
Book Resources for this section:
The
Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry By Rabbi Ephraim Oshry
Responsa
from the Holocaust By Rabbi Ephraim Oshry
Vilna or Vilnius
Some inhabitants of the Vilna Ghetto began an uprising against their Nazi
captors on September 1,1943. Most participants were killed, although a few
escaped successfully and joined partisan units.
Abba
Kovner and Resistance in the Vilna Ghetto
Resistance
in Vilna
Lithuania
Partisans
of Vilna: Songs
Jewish
Immigration/Vilna Shul Timeline
Warsaw, Poland
Fifteen thousand Jews died in the battle, and most of the survivors were
shipped to the death camps. The anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
is celebrated by all the Jewish communities around the world. This day is
called "Yom HaShoah," literally, the Day of Destruction. It is also the Day
of Remembrance for the victims of the Holocaust.
Warsaw
Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw
Ghetto Uprising Photos
The
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Life
in the Warsaw Ghetto
Teacher'sGuide:
Life in Warsaw Ghetto
Survivor
Warsaw Ghetto - Jack Spiegel
Warsaw
Ghetto Chronology
Warsaw
Ghetto Bibliography
Pictures
from the Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw
Ghetto Armband
Yale'sAvalon
Project: The Stroop Report : The Warsaw Ghetto is No More
The
Warsaw Ghetto Is No More
Homage to the Martyrs
of the Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw
Ghetto Chtonology
A Tour of
the Ghetto
Items
found after the War in Warsaw
Resistance
Warsaw
Ghetto Bibliography
Bialystok, Poland
Jewish paramilitary organizations formed within the ghetto attacked the German
army when it was determined that the Nazis intended to liquidate it. The
battle lasted just one day,until the resisters were killed or captured.
The
Liquidation of the Bialystok Ghetto
Holocaust:
The liquidation of Bialystok ghetto
BIALYSTOK
Security
Police plans to allow Jewish workers to remain in Bialystok
Deportations
to Treblinka - From General District of Bialystok
Resistance
in Bialystok
Bialystok
District
The Partisan
of Bialystok
Grodno
"The Last Sunrise"
Interactive Map
Back to the
Grodno Ghetto
Belarus
Students Research Grodno Ghetto
Deportations
to Treblinka
Jasionowka
Deportations
to Treblinka
Plaszow
Plaszow