(1) The Social Democratic Party also lost substantial numbers in the regime’s rise to power.  For purposes of brevity we will discuss here, those leftist more closely identified with the “Communist” resistance.   By the term Communist , the discussion is not limeted to those members of the official German Communist Party (KPD) but also other individuals who identified with the Marxist-Socialist cause.  Often, these individuals identified themselves as socialist and may have been associated with other political organizations like the SPD or Labor movement.  The political affiliations of resiters took on a slightly diffrent meaning once operating undergound.  Athough Social Democrats and Communist were ardent rivals, they did find areas of fluidity in the chaotic condition of illegality

(2)  Shirer, William L.(1960) The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of  Nazi Germany New York,  NY:     Simon and Schuster. p193

(3)  Decree of Feb 23 in Shirer,(1960) The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of
        Nazi Germany p.194

(4)  Ibid (p 185)

(5)  Gil, Anton An Honorable Defeat. {1994). New York, NY. Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
p. 17

(6)  Hoffman, Peter. (1970) The History of the German Resistance. Cambridge, MA. MIT  Press p5

(7)  Hamerow, Theodore, On The Road to The Wolf’s Lair German Resistance
        to Hitler.  Cambridge,  MA, Harvard University Press. p168
 
(8)  Gil, Anton: An Honorable Defeat, p.23

(9)  Hoffman, p10
 
(10) Carsten, F.L  “Introduction”: in The German Resistance to Hitler,(Graml, Mommsen, Reichhardt & Wolf) (London, 1970) B.T. Batsford LTD pxiii

(11) Ibid, p.xi

(12)  Excerpt from “German Freedom “in The German Resistance to Hitler,(Graml, Mommsen, Reichhardt & Wolf) (London, 1970) B.T. Batsford LTD, p189

(13)   Gil, p177
 
 
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