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Puerto
Rican Christmas Tradition

Wood
Carving by Efraín Torres
(San Germán, P.R.)
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In
Puerto Rico, December is a balmy month, bright with flowers
and green trees, and Christmas is the great festival of the
year. A joyful spirit blends with the solemn religious mood.
Both have been perpetuated in the Old Christmas songs called
aguinaldos and villancicos, which have become part of the
island's tradition.
In the spirit of the holiday, which extends from just before
Christmas through Three Kings Day (January 6), groups of
friends gather together and move from home to home singing
Christmas songs.
These groups are called 'parrandas' and usually include a
conjunto (a group of musicians). Among the musical
instruments, one will find several guitars, the native
cuatro (a stringed instrument similar to a guitar),
güiros (hollow gourds with ridges cut in them and
scraped with a fork), maracas (gourds filled with tiny
pebbles and shaken). and the claves or palillo (two smooth
sticks struck together to emphasize a rhythmic beat.
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The
original meaning of 'aguinaldo' was gift or treat, and it is
amply fulfilled as the singers and players are treated to
such favorite foods as lechón asado (barbecued young
pig), pasteles (a plantain dough filled with chopped meat
and boiled), cuchifritos (chitterlings, crispy fried), arroz
con dulce (a rice pudding made with spices and coconut
milk), and many others. After the parranda has sampled good
cheer at many neighbors' homes, members make the final stop,
with all participating in singing and dancing.
Besides Christmas itself, there is the celebration of the
Three Kings Day or The Epiphany on January 6. How gladly,
the Puerto Rican children await for the coming of the Eve of
the Three Kings! They place a box of straw under their beds
for the kings' camels, and, in return, the children find
presents in it the next morning, which the Three Wise Men
have left for them.
The charm and simplicity of the typical aguinaldos and other
Christmas songs of Puerto Rico, assure them a place in the
world's wealth of Christmas folk literature and music.
Through them, Puerto Rico makes a special contribution to
the musical heritage of the Americas.
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