Maria de la Luz Zapata

Mixed race families often have siblings of contrasting hues and features. Maria de la Luz Zapata appears darker and more African than Emiliano, and both Emiliano and Maria are darker than their sister Maria de Jesus and their brother Eufemio. Regarding photos: it may be noted that Emiliano tended to be lighter in color when photographed alone and the exposure could be set to lighten him. When photographed in a group that included whites he tends to appear darker, perhaps because to lighten him might white out the whites entirely. Politically, the land reform for which Emiliano fought in 1910 involved legal questions that pitted Indigenous vs. the non-Indigenous. He and his family were considered Indigenous. They were one family among many that were quite dark complexioned Indigenous.

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