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2004 was the Macintosh's 20th Anniversary
2006 is Apple's 30th Anniversary

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Mac Makes History | "Hystorical Quotes" | Slice of the Pie |
Pictorial History | Apple Links

See also: Internet/WWW history and Dream Machine

Mac Makes History

Before 1981, there were a few experimental systems that were either: 1) a "user-friendly computer that ran on a mainframe, which non-techies could not afford"; or a "mainframe that ran on a desktop, which only techies could master"!

The original (truly) personal computer was the 1981 Xerox Star (8010) developed at Lisa 300PARC The 1984 SuperBowl Ad(Palo Alto Research Center). The "Star" technology was incorporated into the Apple Lisa. [shown to left] The next generation of Apple computer, the Macintosh, was introduced during the Super Bowl in January 1984, where the advertisement depicted the Mac as departing from all the clones and breaking the control of "Big Brother." For the 20th Anniversary, Apple re-released the original advertisement [a clip is shown on the right], but with a slight "tweak"! Look closely and you can see an iPod that was added to the runner!

The Macintosh established a new standard of excellence to be imitated by other manufacturers. Instead of being "a mainframe on your desk" limited to a keyboard, the user could point-and-click using a new input device (the mouse). Every early Macintosh was shipped with MacWrite and MacPaint. Together, they were the two "killer applications" that propelled the adoption and popularity of the GUI in general, and the Mac in particular. These applications introduced the capability to directly edit objects and did not require mark-up commands or escape characters. This interface concept became known as WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get, "Wisy-wig"). Mac was the chosen platform to release the first GUI version of Microsoft Word.

The Mac could also use the most common form of human communication -- speech!  

  • Mac used a common paradigm: desk top, folders, documents, pages, garbage can, window, menus, and computer [to make computer functions easier to understand and remember]
  • The user interacts with MacOS by consistently manipulating "objects", avoiding cryptic difficult to memorize commands.
    • Operations were "overloaded" (the same name was used) and the system determined (from the object) what the appropriate the command or method to call, rather than the user having to memorize different names, options, or switches.
      • Open (disk drive), open (file), open (folder), and open (application) all worked the same way
      • The user did not have to know the electronic format, they just said "print" to print an ASCII file, formatted text document, a picture, or a spreadsheet
    • In 1984, Apple's object-oriented approach was ground-breaking--today, this paradigm is the expected approach
    • This technology invented by Xerox, implemented by Lisa/Macintosh, has been adopted (plagiarized) by X-Windows, Microsoft Windows, Linux, and PalmOS
  • The Macintosh Graphical User Interface (GUI) defined a consistent layout and use of the elements of the operating system
    • All Mac applications behaved consistently, which revolutionized the computer industry
    • Apple (and Mac Users) required similar things to behave in similar ways, no matter who created the application
    • The Macintosh environment provided a Macintosh Toolbox (loaded in firmware for speed), to enable building of applications with consistent interfaces

This commitment to quality is why AOL and many Windows vendors avoided developing for the Mac. See Cost of Quality below and Internet History]

  • Rather than typing a memorized command on a "command line" the user interacted with the computer in alternative ways that were consistent application to application:
    • point-and-click of a mouse to select/high-light
    • double-click to execute/open
    • menu selection or key sequence short cuts consistent between applications (e.g., copy, cut, paste, print, save, quit)
    • click and drag to move a folder, a document, multiple documents, or text within a document to another location (it works the same way between a floppy, hard drive, tape, remote system, CD, flash drive, etc.)

Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links

Hyst[erical Hist]orical Mac Quotes

The Most influential computer in the industry's history!

In January 1985, with "the combination of the Apple Macintosh, Aldus PageMaker, and the Adobe Post-Script equipped LaserWriter, publishing was liberated from the confines of proprietary typesetting and printing systems."
   -- Pamela Pfiffner [MacWorld, Anniversary Issue, Feb-04, p. 69 ]

"Other technology companies can be likened to the Beatles or Elvis Presley. They might sell more records, but Apple is the modest Delta Bluesman who created rock and roll in the first place. Nothin' happens until Apple strums the chords and shows everyone else where music is headed."
   -- Andy Ihatko [p. 71]

"Since any reasonable person would choose a Mac over a PC, Apple's market share does provide us with an accurate reading of the percentage of reasonable people in our society"
   -- Roger Ebert [p. 72]

Trying to imply that MS Windows is somehow better than MacOS, because there are more PCs, is similar to claiming that minor league baseball players are better than major league players, because there more teams! --gmb  Also see Why Ask Why

Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links

Apple's Slice of the Pie

xcept for the iPod (in the MP3 player market), Apple products have not been adopted by the majority of computer users. This unfortunate, but can be contributed to several historic factors:

Initial price tags were high:
  • In 1984, computers were not nearly as powerful or cheap, and the Apple technologies were not mainstream commodities (so they cost more)
  • People missed the fact that the standard Mac came with things you had to buy as upgrades or attachments with the "PC" [so actual purchase price was closer]
  • You got less quality and innovation with PCs, so you paid less
  • Today you can buy a Mac for the same price you paid in 1984 [but with memory larger than the hard drives used to be!]
MacOS not public domain:
  • Only Apple makes Macs, except for a brief trial of 3rd party Macs, so essentially the competition is only from non-Macs with one provider the prices were higher and some innovations restricted
  • The IBM, so-called personal computer, "mainframe on your desk," was open market, so you could get a PC from other companies besides IBM; that approach made Microsoft rich, but almost put IBM in the poorhouse
  • Compaq, HP, Dell, and a host of others made their money, but a number of them died, too. The casualties were a number of other more superior operating systems that died too, like Digital Equipment Company's VMS!
Mac stereotyped as an "educational" computer:
  • The ancestors to the Mac were marketed for schools and particular primary education, so the Mac inherited that market
  • However, UNIX was "free" which fits in most college budgets -- so "professionals" did not usually learn on Macs
  • Also, educational implied "kids" and "kids" implied "toys" so people assumed the systems were not powerful enough
    • The reality is that, since the beginning, the Mac could do the same capability (or more) as similar PCs, but you might have less options to choose from
    • The software is powerful, and typically can run the same software as Windows platforms, although frequently it has to be "dumb-ed down" (remove capability) to be compatible for Windows
    • For many years Mac has run software "MS Windows" emulators or extension cards [so you could get a blue screen of death in one window, rather than crashing your entire machine]
The Cost of Quality:
  • Common sense is not all that common
  • Technology superiority (unfortunately) has nothing to do with market viability [e.g., Beta tapes]
  • Innovation requires research and investment [or cash to buy ideas from other innovators]
  • Most consumers are short-term buyers and do not look at the total cost, until some market event forces them to [e.g., gas shortage changed the buying habits and Asian car market]
Low expectations:
  • The market is currently accepting licenses that read "as is" "no guarantee intended or implied" and "not returnable once seal has been broken"
  • The market is currently accepting significant security risks and major bugs, and have volunteered to be "paying beta testers." Although, that seems to be changing some:
    • More businesses are questioning this thought process and considering Macintosh or Linux as corporate systems
    • The market (and government) is challenging Microsoft to correct security problems and correct bad development practices (Microsoft has made some investments in that direction, see TSP-Security

Job Security for some careers:

  • The PC has survived the same way Job Control Language (JCL) is alive today on the mainframe!
  • The "blue screen of death" keeps the undertaker in business!
  • "Professionals" chose PCs (or UNIX) because it secured them a job
  • If you make the work cryptic enough (have your own language and "secret code") and make the product unstable, then the customer has to hire "professional help"
  • A whole market of jobs and certifications have been created to maintain, debug, load patches, to operating systems, and  networks; which all become outdated, guaranteeing a perpetual revenue stream
  • If it appears easy, customers will do it themselves!
  • If the user can take a machine out of the box, plug in the power, network cable, speakers, microphone, turn on the machine, and it not only works error free the first time, but requires little maintenance or support, then who needs a "professional"

Having less market share is not necessarily a bad thing, it is a fact of life...

Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links

Pictorial History of My Macintoshes

The 128K Macintosh

1986-1987: The 128K Mac is what I used to draw my graphics for my masters' thesis at WVU. For text editing I had to use LaTex with all the formatting commands! For most of my coursework I used a Wyse-50+ "dumb terminal" to connect to DEC VAX 11-780 (VMS) or IBM mainframe.

1987: I started at EVB Software Engineering and we had a number of 128K Macs...

The 1986 Mac Plus

... the "fat Macs" (512K), Mac Pluses, and Mac SEs on an AppleTalk network.

Non-techies used the Macs for marketing, finance, accounting, and clerical work.

EVB trainers used the Mac for course development [even before Microsoft bought PowerPoint out]!

In January 1988, Microsoft launched its Mac imitation and calls it Windows 2.03.

The 1987 Mac SE

EVB techies used Macs for software development, because at that time engineering environments did not support a graphical user interface (GUI) or object-oriented design. So, the Mac SE/30 became our user interface and CASE tool! We documented software requirements and design, pretty printed source code, created test cases, and user manuals, all on the Macs.

The Mac was used as a terminal emulator for our DEC (Digital Equipment Company) MicroVAX. Source code was uploaded through DECNet and compiled on DEC/VMS Ada Compilation System. It was also used for internet access.

EVB later purchased several Mac-IIs with part of the disk partitioned with MacOS and the other AUX (Apple's UNIX). We used the Alsys and Meridian compilers for Ada software development (on the Mac for the Mac).

The Mac SE/30 later became my first home desktop computer.

 

1990: While I was at CSC, we were a subcontractor to IBM so everything was mainframe, IBM PCs, or AIX -- Mac emulation was: 3M Post-It stickies on your terminal! I was missing the Mac and considered buying one or... a  NeXT  machine.

NeXTstations were black, and ran a graphical version of UNIX, called NeXTstep [before Linus Torvalds posted his first kernel of  Linux to Usenet in1991]. NeXT had a PostScript display and a user interface similar to the Mac (except menus were floating, there was a task bar similar to the current MacOS X, and the trashcan was changed to a black-hole).

The PowerBook 100

1992: Although, NeXT was slick, I ended up purchasing a used PowerBook 100, as my first laptop, which was great for some remote site work I was doing.

I think it ran System 6 and MS Word 5.2. Hard to believe this Mac did so much with only 4 MB memory and 20 MB hard drive!

About that time,  Apple was making the switch to the PowerPC (Performance Computing) chip, a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture,  which took more instructions, but executed faster. This three-way collaboration became known as AIM alliance, for Apple, IBM, Motorola

The IBM (Apple-Motorola) PowerPC 601

1994: I used CSC's computer purchase program to purchase a PowerMac 6100/60 as my second desktop Mac. I added Apple Adjustable Keyboard, PlainTalkTM microphone,  AppleDesign II speakers 15-in display, and System 7.5. My kids used the SE and PowerBook for school work and games.

Power Mac 6100/60 Piltdown Man

Y2K: As companies spent millions fixing the myopia of the computer industry, Mac users just yawned.

From day-one the Mac was "Y2K-compliant", and any Mac after the first release handled dates roughly from 31,000 BC to AD 31,000, which will hold us for some time!

My PowerBook 100 and SE had no Y2K problems! However, the newer MS Office was now binary compatible with the PC and did not use the Mac resident date feature! Forcing Mac-users to upgrade and "MS-hog" required a memory and disk upgrade to run!

2000: Since I was upgrading the memory and hard disk, I also bought a Sonnet G3 accelerator (to move from 60MHz up to 240MHz) and upgraded to System 8.5.0.

The Stylish iMac flatscreenSystem version ten (Roman numeral) or MacOS X

2003: After 9 years of dependable use, the 6100/60 had maxed out at MacOS 9.1. So, I bought iMac and MacOS X v10.2-Jaguar as my third desktop Mac. I skipped Cheetah and Puma.

MacOS XThis is a 1st gen iMac that looks like the eMac:
Cheetah (10.0)
▪ Puma (10.1)
▪ Jaguar ( 10.2)
▪ Panther (10.3)
▪ Tiger (10.4)
▪ Leopard (10.5)

2004: My eldest daughter purchased a 1.25GHz eMac, and Panther [MacOS X v10.3], for college. However, she now wishes she paid the extra for an iMac; the eMac has a large footprint for a college dorm room (and heavy to lug up stairs)!

But, the iPod Nano has a very small footprint (a fingerprint)!

The iPod Nano (color screen, flash drive)2005: My son got a Black Nano for Christmas, so I had to update to Tiger [MacOS X v10.4].

 

Future:
A
MacBook-Pro?
(see Mac Intel)

Or see my
Dream Machine

Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links
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Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links
Support | Magazines | Mail Order & Freeware | Organizations

  • Magazines
    • MacUser created by Dennis Publishing in the UK; in 1985 they licensed the name and "mouse-rating" symbol for MacUser to Ziff-Davis Publishing for use in the rest of the world, but Ziff-Davis merged its Mac holdings into Mac Publishing in September 1997. Therefore, only the UK edition of MacUser remains http://www.macuser.co.uk/
    • MacWorld:

Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links
Support | Magazines | Mail Order & Freeware | Organizations


Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links
Support | Magazines | Mail Order & Freeware | Organizations


Mac Makes History | Hystorical Quotes | Slice of the Pie | Pictorial History | Apple Links
Support | Magazines | Mail Order & Freeware | Organizations

Links: Resume | Papers | Courses | Consulting | ContEd | HW/SW | Tech Interests
Return to: Computer Companies | Tools | Macintosh | Object-Oriented | Development Methods | EVB Software
Note: Links to Mac-related Companies and Suppliers have been moved to the Company page; see also Internet/WWW history

 ©1999-2007 Gregory M. Bowen, CSDP