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How your bump'n car stereo system works
(yeah this actually is going to get to God eventually ...)
Your CD stereo system creates kicking bass from a tiny silent CD through a
number of steps. The laser light reflecting off etchings on your CD
are read an converted into a weak electronic signal of digital codes by an
optical sensor. Those digital codes are then converted into a weak analog
electrical signal. This weak electrical signal from the preamp is then multiplied
by your main amplifier and subwoofer amp to create enough watts of power
to drive your speakers. Inside your amplifier are either Integrated
Circuits, Transistors or Vacuum tubes which do the real work of making your
system loud. The graph below shows what happens in a transistor that
is wired to act as an amplifier. Look at the straight section of the
line. Within the straight (linear) section, for every milivolt you put in
you get 10 volts out. So every time you turn up your volume knob 10%, your
stereo gets 10% louder. (stereo nerds - just ignore the logarithmic dB
relationship to keep this oversimplification understandable). The
actual mathematical relationship between voltage in and voltage out over the
entire operating range of the transistor is actually quite complicated.
But as long as you stay within the straight line part of the graph, a lot of
factors drop out or can be ignored because their value is insignificant.
Engineers call this the SMALL model and it works very well in normal
circumstances. But have you have noticed that in some stereos you
turn up the knob and there is nothing, then all of a sudden it jumps to pretty
loud. Or more typically, have you noticed if you turn a stereo all the way
up (to 10 for most mortals, or 11 if you are in Spinal Tap), the sound gets all
distorted ? Especially if you turn the bass up ? When these things
happen it is because the amplifier has moved beyond the straight line SMALL model
range and moved in to the non-linear range. Things are much more complex
here and Engineers have to use what's called the LARGE model which describes the
ENTIRE range of the transistor and includes much more complicated calculations.
The Relationship Voltage In to.
Voltage Out in a Stereo

So what does this have to do with God and Philosophy ?
This is actually a great metaphor of the end of Modern Science. Science
was able to accomplish so much simply by cutting out all but the most basic
aspects of reality. A moving rock was reduced to a simple object
that had mass, extension and velocity. There is actually a whole lot
more to a "simple" rock than that. The view of the universe was
reduced to simple billiard ball collisions - all the workings could be explained
by simple equations. Even Bertrand Russel (no friend to Christianity)
said we use math to describe objects not because we know so much about them, but
because we know so little. Newtonian physics worked in the normal scale of
things - things not too small or too big or too fast. It was like
working in the SMALL model part of the diagram above. People got cocky and
thought they had things pretty much figured out. They figured it was a straight
line the whole way. But Einstein and Heidelberg and others
started looking at what happened at speeds around the speed of light (Theory of
relativity) and in particles smaller than atoms (Quantum Mechanics) and things
got funky. The old rules no longer applied in these situations. They
had to move to the more inclusive BIG model. In fact things acted
completely differently then people would have predicted in the Newtonian world
of simple billiard balls. It turned out things could not be nailed down as
exactly as thought. Currently some things in Quantum
Mechanics cannot be known for sure - such as the actual location of an
electron - it can only be known statistically, and it appears that this may be
it's actual nature.
So it turns out that things don't have to be the way they are by LOGICAL
NECESSITY. Everything is contingent. They are one way but they could
be another. This means we never know things in
themselves, we only know them approximately.
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