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Shiva Asar B'Tamuz
The Fast of the Seventeenth of Tamuz
The Seventeenth of Tamuz is the anniversary of a number of tragic events in Jewish history.
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The luchos (the tablets upon which the Ten Commandments were written) were broken on this day when Moshe (Moses) came down from Sinai and found the Jews worshipping the golden calf.
The Tamid (daily) sacrifice was discontinued on this day shortly before the destruction of the first Beis HaMikdash (the Holy Temple) because Jerusalem was under a state of siege and they were unable to get the necessary sheep.
Jerusalem's city walls were penetrated by the Romans before the destruction of the second Beis HaMikdash (and possibly by the first as well).
An idol was erected in the Beis HaMikdash on this day. (There is a difference of opinion in the Talmud (Yer. Taanis 4:5) whether this is talking about the first or second Beis HaMikdash.)
The Torah was burnt on this day by Apustemus, one of the Greek oppressors.
In memory of these events we are required to fast on this day to inspire ourselves to repentance.
The fast begins at the break of dawn and ends at nightfall. (These times vary according to geographic location and time of year. It is necessary to familiarize oneself with a group of rather complex laws to determine when these times are. Consult your local rabbi or a reliable Jewish calendar for the times in your area.)
During this time we neither eat nor drink any food whatsoever, not even water. Even though we are, strictly speaking, permitted to bathe on this fast day (unlike Tisha B'Av and Yom Kippur) the custom is not to bathe on Shiva Asar B'Tamuz.
Pregnant or nursing women, as well as anyone else for whom fasting may be a health problem should consult with a rabbi whether they are permitted to fast. Children below the age of majority (bar or bas mitzvah - 13 for boys and 12 for girls) do not fast. (In some communities, it is customary for children to begin fasting a short time before they become bar/bas mitzvah.)
It is important to recognize that the primary idea behind a fast is to meditate on the fact that these sufferings came upon us because the sins of our ancestors, sin which we continue to commit, and that we must repent. Someone who fasts but spends the day in frivolous activity has completely missed the point.
The fast of Shiva Asar B'Tamuz marks the beginning of the beginning of a three week period of national mourning for the Jews which is completed on Tisha B'Av, the ninth of Av.
© Eliezer C. AbrahamsonGuide to the Jewish Year
or to Lazer's
Talmud Torah
