Tragedy in the Mines
Tragedy
in the Mines
Source:
The Gold Hill Evening News
Gold
Hill, Nevada, April 7, 1869
It’s
7 a.m.; the miners in the Yellow Jacket, Kentuck and Crown Point are just
changing shifts. The night crew has
been hauled out from the many levels of the mines and the day crew is ascending
to its various depths. Suddenly, in the Yellow Jacket near the junction of the
Kentuck Mine, an alarm is sounded. Smoke,
gas and fire begin to fill the 800 ft. level of the mine. The miners begin to scramble for the elevator, the frenetic
tapping of bells coming from the various levels as the miners wait to be pulled
to safety. The
hoist operators worked frantically to save the workmen as the gas and
smoke spread rapidly through the connecting drifts to the Kentuck and the Crown
Point mines. Alarms now
sound at all three mines. The
smoke and carbolic acid gases pouring out of the shafts is so dense that the
operators can barely contain themselves but know if they do not operate the
hoists that their friends will die in the mines below.
Now, in the Yellow Jacket, the Kentuck and the Crown Point, men were work
frantically below the surface to find their way to safety and fresh air.
The engineers and hoist operators on top brave the noxious fumes and
smoke to pull their companions out of danger as fast as possible.
The fire alarms sound in Gold Hill.
7:30
a.m.; the first fire engines arrive at the mines.
Bill Lee, who is considered to be the “best of all firemen in Gold
Hill”, leads the brave firefighters. They
begin getting the fire hoses down from the Liberty Engine and attempting to
enter the Yellow Jacket to extinguish the fire.
By
noon, three fire companies from Virginia City have joined the firefighters of
Gold Hill. More than 1,000 people
from Gold Hill, Virginia City and Silver City are now at the site of the
tragedy. They offer assistance and,
many, frantically search for loved ones or silently wait to find out the fate of
the miners still trapped below.
1
p.m.; six bodies have been pulled from the mines: Richard Bickell (Bickle),
James Hallasy (misidentified as John Ring), John Hogan;
John McClellan, Patrick E. Quinn and Anthony Toy. George Bickell (Bickle), brother of Richard, was
rescued alive but “insensible”.
By
nightfall, the results of the roll call were that four miners from the Yellow
Jacket, four from the Kentuck and twenty-three miners from Crown Point were
either dead or missing. Missing in the Yellow Jacket: Jeremiah Shanet (Chenette);
from the Kentuck: Patrick Hogan, Martin Clooney, Joseph Glassen and, Harry
Stevens; and, from the Crown Point: Peter Blouin, Patrick Buckley, James
Bickell (Bickle - brother of Richard and George); George Edmonds (Edwards),
A. G. Grant, Edward Jewell, William Jewell (Edward and William were
brothers), Jno Jones, Thomas Laity, Joseph Matthews, Michael McCormick,
Thomas McCoy, Archie McDougal, William Mitchell, Daniel O’Neil, Jno.
O’Brien, James Peters, A.
Reinay, K. Ryan, George Tampkins (Tompkins), Jno Rowen, Thomas McCullim
and Thomas Toland. Throughout the night, efforts continue to rescue the
trapped miners and contain the fire in the Yellow Jacket.
On
that first day, the Gold Hill News ran a story about the Bickle brothers:
“Three brothers named Richard, George and James Bickell, aged respectively 33,
31 and 27 years of age, were working in the Crown Point Mine.
Not long after the fire was discovered and the deadly smoke was pouring
out through the Crown Point shaft, Richard and George groped their way to the
cage and rang the bell to come up. When they arrived at the surface, George was discovered
insensible, leaning over his brother and holding him as with a death grip, which
it was quite difficult to disengage. Richard
had his head torn almost completely off, and his left arm was hanging by a
little strip of skin to the shoulder. He
had doubtless become insensible, and sinking down upon the cage, his head
dragged by the shaft timbers at the sides of the elevator.
George still lives, but is insensible and suffering from asphyxia,
produced by the inhalation of the terrible smoke so foully charged with deadly
carbonic acid gas.
He is under the care of Dr. Hiller, who has strong hopes for his
recovery. The third brother, James,
was still in the mine at last accounts. They
were natives of Yorkshire, England.”
April
8, 1869
All
through the night, firemen and miners alike have been venturing into the mines
to recover the bodies of their lost companions.
About 11 p.m. the previous night, three Gold Hill firemen; Putnam, Lee
and Mercer and one fireman from Washoe Engineer Co. No. 4, Harry Anne,
descend into the Crown Point Mine, to the 1000 ft. level where most of the
trapped miners are believed to be. One
by one, the corpses are sent to the surface.
Recovered from the Crown Point are: James Bickle, Patrick Buckley,
Jeremiah Shanet (Chenette), John Rohan (Rowen), Edward and William Jewell,
Patrick Hogan, A. G. Grant, A. J. McDonald, Peter Blouin, Thomas McCoy, Joseph
Matthews and William Mitchell.
By
11 a.m., the bodies of four more miners have been recovered at the 800 ft. level
of the Crown Point: Thomas McCullin (McCullum), Harry Stevens, Thomas Toland
and one identified only as a “Scotchman, newly employed by the Yellow Jacket
Mine”
By
afternoon, the bodies of Michael McDonald, George Tampkins (Tompkins), Matt
Tooney, Johnathan Jones and another unidentified miner has been recovered.
Eight to ten men are still believed to be trapped in the mines.
The
recovery efforts continue with firemen and miners alike continually risking
their own lives to enter the mines. Many
of them overcome with poisonous smoke and gases that fill the shafts, they
themselves becoming asphyxiated as they locate
the bodies of the dead workmen, dragging them to the hoists to be carried to the
surface.
Richard
Bickle, Joseph Matthews and William
Mitchell are all buried today. Their
funeral was at 1 p.m. at the Odd Fellow’s Hall of which they were all members.
Richard Toy’s funeral is at his home in Bower’s Canyon where
his body is then taken to Virginia City by the Virginia Miner’s Union for
burial.
John
Hallasy, whose body had been
misidentified the previous day as John Ring, is identified as “a short,
thick set man, black hair and chin whiskers, fresh complexion and apparently
about 30 years of age. He stated
<stayed> at the National Hotel, where he boarded, that he had a family in
or near San Francisco. He
only went to work in the mine last Monday.”
George
Bickle, who was rescued along
with the body of his brother the day before, has died.
The
newspaper describes in sometimes-graphic detail the condition of the bodies
discovered. One of the dead miners
taken out of the Crown Point mine was found hanging in a shaft on a ladder, one
of his legs apparently “fast inside of one of the rounds of the ladder and his
arms in their death grip fist to the same while his head fell backwards.
It was “with difficulty that his discoverers separated the corpse from
the ladder. The remains were
lowered with ropes a distance of fifty feet.”
He died between the 800 and 900 Ft. Levels.”
April
9, 1869
The
fires continue to burn unabated. By
7 o’clock, the engineers, brakemen and all hands are compelled to stop the
machinery and leave the buildings. Thick
clouds of smoke rolling out of the ventilators, windows and doors.
The fire is getting bigger. No
one believes the eight or ten men known to still trapped below are still alive.
At 11 a. m. measures were taken to close the shafts of the mines with
planks. All fresh air is excluded,
by 12 o’clock, great bodies of steam are sent down each shaft, the hope is to
smother and extinguish the flames. The
steam is sent into the shafts at the Yellow Jacket and Kentuck through large
pipes with blowers that are connected to boilers.
No new bodies have been found.
By
April 12th, “malicious rumors” are
being spread in San Francisco – indicating that parties “interested in the
mines” intentionally set the fires. The
people of Gold Hill and the surrounding towns are incensed by the accusations.
April
14th, five bodies still remain unaccounted for… still missing are Daniel
O’Neil, George Edwards, Thomas Laity, A. Reinay and
Martin Clooney. A
Relief Committee has been assembled at the Gibson & Gross Saloon in Gold
Hill. Committees were formed to
determine the needs of the families who lost husbands, fathers and sons.
Individuals were assigned to inquire and report on the following
miner’s families: William
Mitchell, Patrick Hogan, William and Edward Jewell, Archie McDougall, John
Rowan, Peter Blouin, Jerry Chenette; James, George and
Richard Bickell, Patrick Buckley, A. G. Grant, Daniel O’Neil, K. Ryan,
Anthony Toy, Patrick Quinn, J. McClelland, John Hogan, John Hallasy, Joseph
Glassen, Thomas McCallum, Richard McCormick, Thomas Laity, A. Reinay, George
Edwards, James Peters, George Tompkins, Jonathan Jones, Thomas Toland, Harry
Stephens and Martin Clooney – all
told, thirty-one miners.
In
the April
15th edition, the entire
calamity is reviewed on the front page of the newspaper.
An article appears about John
Hallasy, the unfortunate miner who
had just been at the mine for two days when disaster struck.
“John Hallasy
– The unfortunate man who lost his life in the Yellow Jacket mine, April 7,
has a cousin living at Dayton, Lyon County, whose name is Michael
Hallasy. He writes us that the deceased was a native of Ireland, was 39 years of
age, and leaves a wife and three children living in the town of Hartland,
McHenry County, Illinois. His name
was first reported as John Ring, and it was thought his family resided in San
Francisco. Our Relief Committee
will no doubt ascertain the situation of the wife and her fatherless little
ones.”
Two
more bodies are found – K.
Ryan and
John O’Brien about 70 feet north of the shaft. They
were lying on their backs, some 20 feet apart, on the floor of the tunnel.
The
body of Joseph
Glassen was shipped to Grass Valley, California for burial.
April
19th, the Yellow
Jacket has claimed another victim. William
H. Williams was killed when he and another man were working at the 400-foot
level, engaged in trimming out the shaft timbers where they interfered with the
passage of the cage. Even though he
was ordered not to go into the “drifts” where the gases and fumes still
were, he left his companion working
and sat in the drifts for 15 to 20 minutes.
When he began feeling sick, he headed to the cage, rang the bell to go up.
Williams suddenly sank down against the side of the shaft, where he was
dragged past two sets of timbers, and then his body rolled down between the
heavy timbers and the side of the cage, falling over 500 feet to the bottom of
the shaft. It was later determined
nearly every bone in his body had been broken and his head torn completely off
below the chin, a small piece of scalp alone remaining attached to the back of
the neck. He was a native of Kea
County, Cornwall, Canada, 33 years old and left a wife and three children.
April
20th,
William H. Williams’
funeral took place at the Theatre Hall in Gold Hill at 2 p. m. under the
auspices of the Miner’s Union.
April
21st, the Relief Committee met at the Cross & Gibson’s Saloon
to listen to reports concerning the victims and their families:
Thomas
McCollum – “the
deceased was a native of Cornwall, Canada West; about 25 years of age, and unmarried; leaves a father and mother in Canada, in fair circumstances, one
brother, married, and three sisters, one married and the others single.
Deceased had no money or property, as far as we can ascertain, except $37
on his person when taken out of the mine.”
A.
G. Grant – “deceased
was a native of Summerstown, Canada West, and unmarried; he leaves an aged
mother, three brothers and three sisters, one married; do not know what that his
mother was dependent upon him, but it is evident that he has sent her money
occasionally, as duplicates were found in his trunk to that effect.”
Archibald
McDougall – “deceased
was a native of Canada West, aged about 27 years, and unmarried; he leaves an
aged mother and a large family of brothers and sisters, most of them in Canada;
no money was found on his person, or certificates of any money to his mother or
not, but many of his friends think he did.”
K.
Ryan
– “A. McMartin reported the
wife of deceased as being destitute of means, in delicate health, and has one
child, three years of age; she is owner of the house she lives in, and from
appearances is comfortable; I would recommend her as a suitable person to take
charge of any money given her by this committee.”
Patrick
Quinn
- "deceased leaves a wife in Taunton, Massachusetts, with three sons, the eldest
16 years of age; they are destitute of means, and have been cared for by an
uncle for the past five years; deceased left $125 in money.”
Joseph
Matthews
– as reported by John
Minedeau – “I am his
brother-in-law; he was 21 years of age, single, and was born in Deerfersies,
Devon, England; he has two sisters living in Cornwall, both married; one is my
wife, and the other is married to a man in good circumstances; his father lives
in Georgia; he had no other relatives that I know of; I do not know of deceased
having any money or property.”
Jonathan
Jones – “deceased
was a single man, between 30 and 32 years of age, and was born in the town of
Remsen, Oneida County, New York; he has a father, two brothers and two sisters;
his father is in comfortable circumstance; never knew of deceased aiding his
parents in their support.”
Bickle
Brothers –
“Richard was 33, George
31 and James
28 years of age; they were born in Calstock, Cornwall, England, and were all
single men; they have an aged father and mother, two brothers and a younger
sister; the three brothers have been supporting their father, mother and young
sister, and also aiding the widows of two deceased brothers; they leave no money
or other means.”
Thomas
Laity
– “deceased was a native of Crowan Parish, Cornwall, England, aged 32 years,
and unmarried; he leaves an aged father and mother in Cornwall, a brother in
Gold Hill, and another brother in Michigan; deceased assisted in the support of
his parents, but leaves no money or property.”
Harry
Stevens
– “deceased leaves a wife and child near Kelston, Cornwall, England."
John
O’Neil
– “deceased leaves a wife and four children, the oldest a boy of 13 years,
and the youngest a boy between 4 and 5 years old; the oldest girl is about 10,
and the youngest 7 years of age; Mrs. O’Neil is willing the girls should be
sent to the school of the Sisters of Charity, but the boys she is anxious to
keep with her. They own the house
they live in, but have no other property or means of support; they are indebted
to the St. Louis meat market, Stern & Son, Kennedy & Mallon, Hampton and
M. Frankenheimer. Mrs. O’Neil says that her husband had in his vest pocket at
the time of his death seven share of Crown Point stock; she does not know who he
bought it from, but thinks he did not buy it from a broker.”
Anthony
Toy – “deceased
was a native of Redruth Parish, Cornwall, aged 24 years; leaves a wife residing
in Gold Hill to whom he was married at Virginia [City] on the 28th of
last month; deceased left no one dependent upon him for support except his wife;
she is destitute of money or means, and I would recommend her as a suitable
person to take charge of any money you may see fit to apportion her.”
Patrick
Buckley
– “deceased leaves a wife in Grass Valley, California.
She is a prudent, industrious, and deserving lady, capable of taking care
of any money you may see fit to apportion her, and withal a kind and
affectionate mother.” Together
with this report, Mr. Gibson presented a letter received by him from Mrs. Buckley, dated the 15th
instant, in which she says: “My
husband’s salary supported myself and three young children, also his aged
father in Ireland, but that is gone now, and with the help of the Almighty I
must do the best I can for future support.
I have not a dollar in the world after my husband’s burial, and when I
heard of his death I had to borrow $20 to pay for traveling expenses to Gold
Hill.”
Jeremiah
Chenette
– “deceased was unmarried, and a native of St. Huacinthe (sic) in Canada,
where his father now is. He has a
brother in White Pine. His father
is very poor, and deceased was obliged to borrow money to defray his expenses to
this country.”
Peter
Blouin
– “”left a widow and no property except a little household furniture.
She proposes going to her home in Canada, if she can obtain means
sufficient; if not, she will try and obtain a situation at the mint in
Carson.”
Patrick
Hogan
– “There are set of his credit, on the books of H. H. Flagg, five (5) shares
of Kentuck and fourteen (14) shares of Alpha mining stock, on which there stands
a balance due of four hundred and sixty dollars and twenty-two cents, ($460.22).
I furthermore find that he has a brother and two sisters residing in San
Francisco.”
George
Edwards – “deceased was 35 years
of age, and leaves three orphan children at Grass Valley, California, the oldest
ten years of age. I do not
know what of any other relatives than those orphans.
Deceased left no property nor means of support.
Appended to the report was the following letter:
“Grass
Valley, California, April 16, 1869. William
H. Smith, Esq., Foreman of Crown Point Min, Gold Hill – Dear Sir: Your very kind
favor of 15th instant was duly received, and in reply I would inform
you, in addition to my letter to Superintendent Jones, of 14th
instant, that there are three children aged 5, 7 and 10 years, which are under
my immediate charge. Their mother
died about 21 months ago. Two of
the children are with me – the youngest and oldest – the other is with Humphrey
Julien. Mr. J. has four children of
his own, and I have six. We are
both day laborers, which keeps us digging all the time for them; which, if you
are a man of family, you well know. Therefore,
if anyone has any claims for charity, these little ones have; and if your
committee donate anything for them, please send it to me, and I will see that it
is judiciously used for their benefit. Yours
Very Truly, James Gluyas”
George
Tompkins
– “deceased was 29 years of age, single, and was born in Hamilton, Canada
West. He has a brother working in
the Hale & Norcross mine, Virginia; also, two sisters, one living in
California and the other a resident of Gold Hill.
His mother lives in San Francisco, and was partially dependent upon him
for her support.” Appended to the
report was the following letter: “San
Francisco, April 13, 1869. Wm.
D. C. Gibson, Esq. – Dear Sir:
Yours of 9th instant at hand. I
am much obliged for your handsome acknowledgement to me for doing what I ought
to do. On Friday, an old lady,
nearly 80 years old, called at my office with a telegram from Gold Hill, saying
her son was among the lost. She
says he was her only support. Now I
want you, if you can, to look out for her.
I have supplied her wants for the present.
Her time on earth is short and her necessities easily supplied.
Sorry to trouble you on this matter.
Mr. Ball is going to look into the matter to see that it is all right.
Yours Truly, Edward Cahill”
William
Mitchell
– “deceased was nearly 23 years of age, and born in the Parish of Dinkinhorn,
Cornwall, England, where he leaves a father and mother; leaves a brother in Gold
Hill, and another brother somewhere in the Eastern States; deceased left no
money or property.”
James
Peters
– “deceased was aged 26 years, unmarried, and a native of the Parish of
Crowan, County Cornwall, England; he leaves seven brothers and sisters in the
United States, of whom two brothers and a sister reside in Gold Hill, one
brother in White Pine, one sister in Tennessee, married, one sister in Michigan,
married, and one sister in New Haven, Connecticut, single.”
Mat
Tooney,
deceased, had not been assigned a committee to look into his affairs.
Two were assigned to do a follow up.
William
H. Williams
– This unfortunate man who was accidentally
killed in the Yellow Jacket shaft, Gold Hill, last Sunday night, was a
native of the Parish of Kea, Cornwall, England and not Canada, as before
stated.. He was 35 years of age and leaves a wife and three children
at the place of his nativity. A
story was quite prevalent that his wife and children were now on their way here
to meet him, but persons who are intimately acquainted, inform us that such is
not the case. Mr. John Bennetts, working in
the new tunnel at the old Chollar croppings, called on us yesterday in relation
to this matter. He was an intimate
friend of the deceased, being a native of the same place, and deceased only two
or three days before his death spoke of having written to his wife, and
expressed no intention whatever of sending for her to come here.”
April
26th – May 3rd, the
mining disaster continued to make the news every day during this next week.
Theories abound on the cause of the fire including an explosion
associated with giant powder and common blasting powders but the most accepted
theory is of a “quiet” fire that may have burned for four or five hours
before being discovered. Smoke
gradually accumulated and filled the passages – timber was destroyed at the
particular point, an extensive cave of waste rock and earth filled into the
worked out space overhead, gases, smoke and noxious fumes filled the egresses.
The heavy gases caused the deaths of the miners.
On
April 28, the upper levels of the Crown Point and the Yellow Jacket mines were
reopened. Steam is forced into the
mines – chance of asphyxiation from the carbonic gas fumes is still a problem.
As
clean up continues in the mines, George
Edwards body is discovered and
removed from the mine on the 27th. George
was 35 years old. The funeral took
place on the 28th , the remains being buried in the Gold Hill
Cemetery. He was a Crown Point
miner but was found at the 600 ft. level of the Kentuck where he was apparently
trying to take refuge. Since his
body had been covered with lime nearly three weeks before, it was not “so near
offensive or decomposed as might have been expected.”
By
May 3rd, the Yellow Jacket, Kentuck and Crown Point were once again
beginning operations. Cave ins were
still being cleared and the shafts had to be shut down off and on for the next
several weeks because of smoke that continued to seep from the mines.
But life was getting back to normal, ore was being brought up by the car
loads; the victims had been buried; widows and their children started rebuilding
their lives; the many heroes who had risked their lives daily to bring up the
bodies of their lost companions returned to their jobs.
Gold Hill had started the healing process brought on by the horrible
tragedy of April 7, 1869.
Extracted from Storey County Vital Records - Vol. 1
Doreen Robinson 2002 - Quintin Publications