yei
Yei Fei
aka Sixto Tiongco
Yei Fei has the distinction of being
the only person of Filipino descent to become a general in time of war
and the second highest official of a national Congress in time of peace
of a major foreign power (China).
Birth, Family and Education
Born in Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
on May 7, 1914.
Second child of the eight children
from the union of Yap Uy and Francisca Mercado. Yap Uy was a Chinese national
from Lamua, Nan-an, Fukein (now called Fujian) province. He migrated to
the Philippines and married Sixto's mother who is a native of San Juan,
Batangas.
He was baptized in the Roman
Catholic Church of Tiaong in 1914 and was given the name Sixto Tiongco.
The surname Tiongco was the Christian family name adopted by his father
when he was baptized in the same church before his marriage to his mother.
At the age of 5, he was sent
to China by his father to study. He spent his formative years in his father's
hometown of Nan-an. Later, he went to the city of Amoy, now Xiamen, some
50 miles south for his secondary education. He enrolled in the 13th middle
school of Amoy. While at this school, in May 1928, he joined the Communist
Youth League (CYL). By the end of that year, he dropped out of school
and joined its underground revolutionary activities.
The following year, he became the chairman of the provincial committee
of the CYL.
Military Activities
Guerilla Action
In mid 1930, the CYL in
Fukien was destroyed by the Nationalist and he was arrested. He was imprisoned
for one and a half years. After his release, he resumed his work with the
provincial CYL. In 1932, he was formally admitted as member of the Chinese
Communist Party (CPC).
In 1933, he organized and led
peasants' campaigns against the abuses of landlords and warlords. In May
of that same year, he led the Workers and Peasants Self-Defense Armed Group
and won the "Houtong Rebellion". Later in December, he, together with the
other leaders, launched widespread armed rebellions in the whole province
of Fukien.
In February 1934, the local
communist government in East Fukien was established. Two months later,
this local unit was smashed by the Nationalists. The local CPC lost contact
with the CPC Central Committee. Under this situation, he set-up a special
committee of the CPC in East Fukien and organized in the mountains the
East Fukien Independent division of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red
Army. From his mountain base, he waged extensive guerilla actions in east
Fukien. Within three years of fighting, his unit engaged several skirmishes
with the Nationalists and won notably the engagement in Shacheng, Taokeng
and Qingjiao. He had now four established guerilla bases in the whole province.
Sino-Japanese War
In 1938, Japan invaded China.
His East Fujian Independent
Division was integrated with, and became the 6th Regiment of the New Fourth
(4th) Red Army. He was appointed as its Commander. He became a regimental
commander of a formal army unit. As part of the New 4th Army, his unit
participated in the advance to Shanghai. His 6th Regiment engaged the Japanese
in the city of Wuxi, attacked the Nanjing-Shanghai railway route and Honggiao
airfield where he destroyed several Japanese air crafts. By the end of
1938, his unit was merged with the Danyang guerilla army and re-organized
as the Advancing division of the New 4th Army and served as the Division
deputy commander.
The Advancing Division of the
4th crossed the Yangtze River, established anti-Japanese bases in north
Kiangsu (now Jiangsu) province and engaged the enemy in Yangzhou and Tai
Counties. In March 1940, he led his army to support the attack on Bantaji,
in June 1940, he won the battles of Guo and Huanggiao. After these victories,
he was prompted as deputy commander of the 1st Division of the 4th Army.
In March 1944, he achieved a
great victory in the battle of Cheqiao. The following year, he was made
the Commander of the 1st Division of the New 4th Army and concurrently
Commander of the Central Jiangsu Military Area. These were the military
rank and positions he held when China was fully liberated from the Japanese.
Civil War
Civil war between the Nationalists
and Communists broke out in 1946. This war is known as the War of Liberation
in China.
At the beginning of the civil
war, he served as the Commander of the 1st division of the Shangdong Field
Army. In this capacity, he commanded and won the battles of Subei (Shandong
province), Laiwu and Menglianggu ( east Henan province).
The Shandong Field Army became
as the third (3rd) Field Army in 1949. He served as the commander of the
Tenth (10th) Corps of this 3rd Field Army. In March-April 1949, he participated
in the crossing of the Yantze River. Then, his army liberated the cities
of Danyang, Changzhou and Wuxi and cut off the Nanjing-Shanghai railway
and then occupied Suzhou city. In May, he joined another army for the battle
of Shanghai. The great city was liberated.
After Shanghai, his tenth Corps
was given the assignment to liberate his home province of Fujian and liberated
the capital city of Fuzhou. He turned southward and met the other army
in the battle for Xiamen. He entered the port of Xiamen, the city of high
school days 21 years ago, as it Liberator.
In October 1, 1949, the Peoples
Republic of China was established.
As a military man, he is noted
as a great strategist of the Peoples Liberation Army of China. Among many
honors, he received the following medals: First-Class August 1st, First-Class
Independence, First-Class Liberation and first-Class Red Star Medals.
Positions Held in the Government of the Peoples Republic
of China
In 1949, he was Appointed Governor
of the province of Fujian, First Secretary, Fujian Provincial Party Committee
Chancellor, University of Fujian, Commander, Fujian Military Area.
In 1975, he was Appointed Minister,
Ministry of Communications.
In 1979, he was Appointed Commander,
Chinese Navy.
In 1983 and 1988, he was elected
as Vice-Chairman of the 6th and 7th national Peoples Congress, and chairman
of its overseas Chinese
Committee. He was a member of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd National Defense Committee
and member of the 8th, 11th and 12th Central Committee (CPC).
In 1994, he retired from the
government service but continued to write and publish articles in the Peoples
Daily in Beijing.
Ye Fei died on April 18, 1999
in a military hospital in Beijing. He was 85 years old. He was given full
military honors during his funeral.
Other Notes on Ye Fei
In 1998, President Corazon Aquino
invited Gen. Ye Fei to make a visit to the Philippines. In January 1989,
the Chinese government sent Vice chairman Ye Fei as head of a Chinese parliamentary
delegation to the Philippines. In that week official visit to the Philippines,
Senator Jovito Salonga, then President of the Philippine Senate, acted
as the official host. Ye Fei made a one-day visit to Tiaong, Quezon, the
place of his birth, after an absence of 70 years. He met his relatives
and town folks who treated him as part of their clan. He paid filial homage
before the tomb of his parents who were buried in the town's cemetery.
The Manila Standard, a national newspaper in Manila,
in its Editorial entitled "Beyond Prejudices" of January 30, 1989, made
a comment on the visit of Vice chairman Ye Fei:
"It is a remarkable human story, folkloric
in its proportions. President Aquino perhaps may have been truly stirred,
upon hearing the life history of Chinese parliamentary delegation head
Ye Fei (whose first remark to the President was that his mother was a pure
Filipina). She suggested, in the fashion that seems characteristic
here, that a movie be made out of it. Taken in by its inner loveliness,
the President's impulse was to share the story with everybody."
"Ye Fei, after all of 70 years, journeyed
back to the land of his birth the other, in the yet sleepy town of Tiaong,
to pay homage at the grave of his mother and be reunited with brothers
and sisters and friends he may no longer recognize. The clan- the whole
town-teachers, policemen, traffic aides, housewives and schoolchildren,
it was reported-came out to greet him. He left at the age of five, brought
to China with his older brother Felix by his father in 1919. And he has
come back, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's
Congress of the People's Republic of China, no less, speaking through an
interpreter, as residents affectionately addressed him as Ka Sixto, brother
of Ka Sayas and son of Aling Kikay."
" 'I want to apologize for not being
able to help you' he said to his family, which included a brother-lawyer
at the Philippine Consulate in California who arrived for the occasion.
'It was very busy in China.' Indeed he was. He joined the Chinese communist
party at age 14, was cadre and eventually became a general in the decades-long-Chinese
revolution, was a governor of Fujian province at one time."
"He paid his respects to his
mother at her grave. Francisca managed a rice mill and a restaurant until
her death in 1962 and Ye Fei or is it Ka Sixto, the name he was baptized
with remembered his mother as an "intelligent and competent" woman. he
had long wanted to visit her, but the government then would not allow him
because he was a communist."
"Isn't it this a magical narrative,
more so as it happens in the midst of scandals that rock high offices?
It's point is much too obvious to be missed: the reunion of brothers and
sisters whose father is Chinese and mother is a Filipina, siblings who
managed to carve honorable lives among their peoples, symbolizes to us
the boundlessness of humanity. Beneath the skin, beneath the ideology,
creed, or national frontiers, we are all, firstly and lastly, members of
mankind. how many among us Filipinos can trace their roots to foreign shores,
or have brothers and sisters making a place for themselves in far societies
and yet are not less nobler for it?"
"Isn't it something to ponder
how anti-Chinese sentiments that seem so prevalent today can be so pointless?
The Chinese capitalist or Chinese communist or for that matter every Filipino,
is not to be judged by his label, but by the manner he lives and conducts
himself. The Philippines is a melting pot where virtually all cultures
and blood mix, and find a home."
"Rather than stressing how different
we are from each other, because indeed, there are many differences to find,
we should rather be thinking of our oneness."
*The above biographical sketch
is through the kindness of Mayor Merlina Escueta, current mayor of Tiaong,
Quezon, who gathered and related above information from Ye Fei's Autobiography
published in Beijing in Chinese language in 1995 and circulated in China.
*Credits to Ciriaco Amat
Caraos, M.D., who transmitted the above information electronically.
Home
|